Ukubumba i-pulp, njengommeleli odumile wokupakisha okuluhlaza, kuyathandwa ngabanikazi bomkhiqizo. Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ebunjiwe ye-pulp, isikhunta, njengengxenye ebalulekile, sinezidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu zokuthuthukiswa nokuklama, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu, umjikelezo omude, kanye nengozi ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi amaphuzu abalulekile kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ekwakhiweni kwezikhunta zepulasitiki zephepha? Ngezansi, sizokwabelana ngolwazi oluthile ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo sokupakisha ukuze ufunde futhi uhlole ukwakheka kwesikhunta sobumba se-pulp.
01Ukwakha Isikhunta
Isakhiwo sakhiwe isikhunta esijiyile, isikhunta esigobile, isikhunta esine-mesh, isihlalo sesikhunta, umgodi wangemuva wesikhunta, kanye negumbi lomoya. Isikhunta esine-mesh siwumzimba oyinhloko wesikhunta. Njengoba isikhunta esine-mesh silukiwe ngezintambo zensimbi noma zepulasitiki ezinobubanzi obungu-0.15-0.25mm, asikwazi ukwakheka ngokuzimela futhi kumele sinamathiselwe ebusweni besikhunta ukuze sisebenze.
Umgodi wangemuva wesikhunta uwumgodi owakhiwe ngobukhulu obuthile kanye nesimo esivumelana ngokuphelele nendawo yokusebenza yesikhunta, uma kuqhathaniswa nesihlalo sesikhunta. Izikhunta ezigobile nezigobile ziyigobolondo elinobukhulu obuthile bodonga. Indawo yokusebenza yesikhunta ixhunywe emgodini wangemuva ngezimbobo ezincane ezisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo.
Isikhunta sifakwe kuthempulethi yomshini wokubumba ngesihlalo sesikhunta, bese kufakwa igumbi lomoya ngakolunye uhlangothi lwethempulethi. Igumbi lomoya lixhunywe emgodini wangemuva, futhi kukhona neziteshi ezimbili zomoya ocindezelwe kanye ne-vacuum kuyo.
02Ukubumba isikhunta
Isikhunta sokubumba siyisikhunta esingena ngqo ephepheni elimanzi elingenalutho ngemva kokwakheka futhi sinemisebenzi yokushisa, ukucindezela, kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngesikhunta sokubumba inobuso obubushelelezi, ubukhulu obunembile, ukuqina, kanye nokuqina okuhle. Izitsha zokudla ezilahlwayo zenziwa kusetshenziswa lesi sikhunta. Emaphaketheni ezimboni, ezinye izinto ezincane, eziqondile, neziningi zipakishwa ungqimba ngengqimba, kanye nemikhiqizo yokupakisha esetshenziselwa ukubeka phakathi kwengqimba ngayinye. Uma kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo ebunjiwe ye-pulp, kudingeka ikhiqizwe kusetshenziswa isikhunta sokubumba.
Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo eminingi yokupakisha yezimboni isebenza ohlangothini olulodwa futhi ayidingi ukusethwa kokushisa. Ingomiswa ngqo. Isakhiwo sesikhunta sokubumba sihlanganisa isikhunta esijiyile, isikhunta esijiyile, isikhunta esine-mesh, kanye nesici sokushisa. Isikhunta esijiyile noma esijiyile esine-mesh mold sinemigodi yokukhipha amanzi kanye neyokukhipha umoya. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-wet paper blank iqale icindezelwe ngaphakathi kwe-shaping mold, bese kuthi u-20% wamanzi ucindezelwe bese ukhishwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, okuqukethwe kwamanzi kwe-wet paper blank kungu-50-55%, okubangela ukuthi amanzi asele ngemuva kokuba i-wet paper blank ishiswe ngaphakathi kwe-mold ashiswe futhi akhishwe. I-wet paper blank iyacindezelwa, yomiswe, futhi ibunjwe ukuze yakhe umkhiqizo.
Isikhunta se-mesh esiku-mold singabangela amamaki e-mesh ebusweni bomkhiqizo, futhi isikhunta se-mesh singalimaza ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokukhipha njalo. Ukuze axazulule le nkinga, umklami wesikhunta uklame isikhunta esingenama-mesh, esikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa i-metallurgy ye-powder eyindilinga esekelwe ethusi. Eminyakeni emibili edlule, ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo okuningi kanye nokukhethwa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ze-powder ezifanele, isikhathi sokuphila sesikhunta esingenama-mesh esikhiqizwayo siphindwe kayishumi kunesikhunta se-mesh, ngokunciphisa izindleko ngo-50%. Imikhiqizo yephepha ekhiqizwayo inokunemba okuphezulu kanye nobuso obubushelelezi bangaphakathi nangaphandle.
03Isikhunta Esicindezelayo Esishisayo
Ngemva kokomiswa, iphepha elimanzi elingenalutho liyashintshashintsha. Lapho ezinye izingxenye zishintshashintsha kakhulu noma zidinga ukunemba okuphezulu ekubukekeni komkhiqizo, umkhiqizo ushintsha inqubo yokubumba, futhi isikhunta esisetshenziswayo sibizwa ngokuthi isikhunta sokubumba. Lesi sikhunta sidinga nezinto zokushisa, kodwa singenziwa ngaphandle kwesikhunta esine-mesh. Imikhiqizo edinga ukwakheka kufanele igcine okuqukethwe komswakama okungu-25-30% ngesikhathi sokomiswa ukuze kube lula ukwakheka.
Ekukhiqizeni, kunzima ukulawula okuqukethwe kwamanzi, okwenza kube nzima ngomkhiqizo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi. Umenzi uklame isikhunta sokufutha, futhi kwenziwa izimbobo zokufutha esikhunta esihambisana nezingxenye ezidinga ukufutha. Lapho kusebenza, imikhiqizo ifakwa esikhunta sokufutha ngemva kokumiswa kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imbobo yokufutha esikhunta isetshenziselwa ukucindezela imikhiqizo ngokushisa okufuthayo. Lesi sikhunta sifana kancane nensimbi yokufutha embonini yezingubo.
04Ukudlulisa Isikhunta
Isikhunta sokudlulisa siyindawo yokugcina yokusebenza yayo yonke inqubo, futhi umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ukudlulisa umkhiqizo ngokuphephile usuka kusikhunta esisizayo esihlanganisiwe uye kuthreyi yokwamukela. Kusikhunta sokudlulisa, ukwakheka kwaso kwesakhiwo kudinga ukuba lula ngangokunokwenzeka, kube nezimbobo zokumunca ezihlelwe ngokulinganayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ungamunca kahle ebusweni besikhunta.
05Ukusika Isikhunta
Ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo ebunjiwe ngephepha ihlanzeke futhi ibe mihle, imikhiqizo ebunjiwe ngephepha enezidingo eziphezulu zokubukeka ifakwe izinqubo zokusika umphetho. Izikhunta zokusika ngodayi zisetshenziselwa ukusika imiphetho egobile yemikhiqizo ebunjiwe ngephepha, eyaziwa nangokuthi izikhunta zokusika umphetho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-20-2023